Guide
Quarterly estimated taxes
Who owes quarterly estimated tax, the four due dates, and how to pay.
Quarterly estimated taxes are income tax payments made by individuals and businesses that don't have taxes withheld from their income. This includes self-employed individuals, freelancers, rental property owners, and certain business owners.
Who Pays?
You generally need to make quarterly estimated tax payments if you expect to owe $1,000 or more in taxes for the year and your income is not subject to withholding (wages, salaries, etc.).
Due Dates
- Q1 (Jan 1 – Mar 31): Due April 15
- Q2 (Apr 1 – May 31): Due June 15
- Q3 (Jun 1 – Aug 31): Due September 15
- Q4 (Sep 1 – Dec 31): Due January 15 (next year)
Calculating Payments
Quarterly estimated taxes are typically based on your prior year's tax liability or current year income projections. You can use IRS Form 1040-ES (Estimated Tax for Individuals) to calculate your payments.
Payment Methods
- IRS Direct Pay (irs.gov)
- Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)
- Credit or debit card
- Mail (Form 1040-ES payment voucher)
Penalties for Late Payment
Missing quarterly estimated tax deadlines can result in underpayment penalties and interest charges, even if you pay the full amount with your annual tax return.
Common questions
When are quarterly estimated taxes due?
For calendar-year filers the four federal due dates are April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15 of the following year. Each shifts to the next business day when it falls on a weekend or federal holiday.
Who has to pay quarterly estimated tax?
Generally anyone who expects to owe $1,000 or more in tax for the year on income that is not subject to withholding, such as self-employment, rental, or investment income.
What happens if I miss a quarterly payment?
The IRS may charge an underpayment penalty plus interest for the period the payment was late, even if you pay the full balance with your annual return.